Beam Size Optimization for High-Altitude Platforms to Ground Links in FSO Communications

Dieu Linh Truong; The Ngoc Dang

doi:10.21553/rev-jec.332

Beam Size Optimization for High-Altitude Platforms to Ground Links in FSO Communications

Dieu Linh Truong, The Ngoc Dang

Abstract

Free-space optical (FSO) communication has been used in practice mainly for short-distance transmission because it requires light of sight (LoS) between the transmitter and receiver. For long-distance communication, to avoid terrestrial obstacles, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) flying at stratosphere are used to carry intermediate FSO transceivers which relay data through several hops from the source to the destination stations. A HAP can communicate with a large ground area if its FSO transceiver projects a wide beam onto the ground. However, an excessively large beam makes the FSO transceiver consume a lot of energy. This study investigates the problem of finding individual optimal beam sizes for FSO transceivers on HAPs so that the total cost of the HAP network, including the amortization, energy, and maintenance costs, is minimized. An optimization algorithm was proposed and implemented. The simulation results show the network designed by the algorithm achieves a nearly optimal number of HAPs, leading to a low network cost.

Full Text:

PDF

References

fSONA, “SONABeam 2500-E+ model specifications.” http://fsona.com. Accessed Jan. 2022.

A. Acampora and S. Krishnamurthy, “A broadband wireless access network based on mesh-connected free-space optical links,” IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 62–65, 1999.

J. Zhang, “Proposal of free space optical mesh network architecture for broadband access,” in 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Proceedings. ICC 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37333), vol. 4, pp. 2142–2145 vol.4, 2002.

B. Moision, B. Erkmen, E. Keyes, T. Belt, O. Bowen, D. Brinkley, P. Csonka, M. Eglington, A. Kazmierski, N. hyong Kim, J. Moody, T. Tu, and W. Vermeer, “Demonstration of free-space optical communication for long-range data links between balloons on Project Loon,” in Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXIX (H. Hemmati and D. M. Boroson, eds.), vol. 10096, pp. 259 – 272, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2017.

C. Chen, A. Grier, M. Malfa, E. Booen, H. Harding, C. Xia, M. Hunwardsen, J. Demers, K. Kudinov, G. Mak, B. Smith, A. Sahasrabudhe, F. Patawaran, T. Wang, A. Wang, C. Zhao, D. Leang, J. Gin, M. Lewis, D. Nguyen, and K. Quirk, “High-speed optical links for UAV applications,” in Free-Space Laser Communication and Atmospheric Propagation XXIX (H. Hemmati and D. M. Boroson, eds.), vol. 10096, pp. 316 – 324, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2017.

Thales group, “What’s up with stratobus.” https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/space/news/whats stratobus, 2017. Accessed Jan. 2022.

D. L. Truong, X. V. Dang, and T. N. Dang, “Survivable Free Space Optical Mesh Network using High-Altitude Platforms,” ePrint 2202.07188, arXiv, Feb 2022. https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.07188.

G. Kurt, M. G. Khoshkholgh, S. Alfattani, A. Ibrahim, T. S. J. Darwish, M. S. Alam, H. Yanikomeroglu, and A. Yonga¸coglu, “A vision and framework for the high altitude platform station (HAPS) networks of the future,” CoRR, vol. abs/2007.15088, 2020.

R. Miura and M. Oodo, “Wireless Communications System Using Stratospheric Platforms: R and D Program on Telecom and Broadcasting System Using High Altitude Platform Stations,” Journal of the Communication Research Laboratory, vol. 48, pp. 33–48, Dec. 2001.

V. V. Mai and H. Kim, “Beam size optimization and adaptation for high-altitude airborne free-space optical communication systems,” IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2019.

S. C. Arum, D. Grace, P. D. Mitchell, M. D. Zakaria, and N. Morozs, “Energy management of solarpowered aircraft-based high altitude platform for wireless communications,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020.

A. A. Farid and S. Hranilovic, “Outage capacity optimization for free-space optical links with pointing errors,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1702–1710, 2007.

Airbus, “Zephir: Persistance and flexibility.” https://lf5422.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/08/0296_18_2_zephyr_datasheet_ e_horizontal_a4.pdf, 2018. Accessed Jan. 2022.

BAE Systems, “Phasa-35.” http://prismaticltd.co.uk/products/phasa-35/, 2018. Accessed Jan. 2022.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21553/rev-jec.332

Copyright (c) 2023 REV Journal on Electronics and Communications

Username
Password
Remember me